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Tips about French

post #1 of 35
Thread Starter 
I speak French. I used to teach it.

I know some people don't care much for foreign languages, and some don't care for details of language, such as spelling, grammar, etc. Many English speakers seem to be resolutely monolingual, and proud of it, alas!

I don't mean to be a stickler, but French looks and sounds ever so much nicer when it's done right... and the French really care about doing things right (especially their language), so...

Please remember that all nouns in French (as in most European languages other than English) have grammatical gender; some nouns are masculine, and some are feminine. All nouns in French, even the names of inanimate objects, have grammatical gender, i. e., they are either masculine or feminine. In French, adjectives that modify nouns must match those nouns for number and gender. Masculine nouns must be used with the masculine forms of adjectives, feminine nouns, with the feminine forms of adjectives. Singular forms of adjectives are used with singular nouns, and plural forms of adjectives with plural nouns. There are four forms of most adjectives, the masculine singular, the feminine singular, the masculine plural, and the feminine plural.

Please observe:

Un lycée grand (masc. sing.), a big high school
Des lycées grands (masc. plural), big high schools
Une table grande (fem. sing.), a big table
Des tables grandes (fem, plur.), big tables

French perfume names always follow this rule:

Bois Noir (masc.): the noun bois, "wood" is masculine in French; the masculine form of the adjective noir, "black" has no final "e." ( As in film noir.)
Nuit Noire (fem.): the noun nuit, "night" is feminine in French, hence the "e" on the end of Noire. The form noire, with the feminine ending "e", is used only with feminine singular nouns.

Daim means "suede" and the noun is masculine; the adjective "blond" is blond for masculine nouns and blonde for feminine nouns. Since Daim is masculine, the correct form is Daim Blond (no feminine "e" on the end of "blond"). Hence the form Daim Blond is the only form that is grammatically possible in French; Daim Blonde is grammatically impossible in French.

Sometimes there is no difference in pronunciation between masculine and feminine forms of adjectives; sometimes the form is the same in spelling, too. And the singular and plural forms of adjectives are generally pronounced the same, since the plural ending "-s" in French is written but not pronounced.

So, please, guys, when you write the names of perfumes and other fragrances in French, check the spelling. A good way to do this is to look at the box or bottle, or do a quick check in the Basenotes Directory (though there are a few typos there, too).

You don't need to pretend that you know French if you don't, but since you respect the art of French perfumery, just show some respect for the language, too... please!
post #2 of 35
Merci Jaime !

Now, what's the rule behind Noir Epices?

yours truly

Tabac Blond & Eau Noire


post #3 of 35
Quote:
Originally Posted by JaimeB View Post

You don't need to pretend that you know French if you don't

'Well, when you're from Pittsburgh, you have to do something.'

- Auntie Mame

http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0051383/quotes
post #4 of 35
...

oops sorry, wrong thread.
post #5 of 35
Quote:
Originally Posted by JaimeB View Post


You don't need to pretend that you know French if you don't, but since you respect the art of French perfumery, just show some respect for the language, too... please!

Mon Dieu

-Le Scentimus
post #6 of 35
Quote:
Originally Posted by JaimeB View Post


You don't need to pretend that you know French if you don't, but since you respect the art of French perfumery, just show some respect for the language, too... please!

But dude, you know, lots of Americans like don't even respect they're own language
post #7 of 35
thanks, nice informative post.
I am a lover of languages.
mc
post #8 of 35
Thread Starter 
Quote:
Originally Posted by narcus View Post

Merci Jaime !

Now, what's the rule behind Noir Epices?

yours truly

Tabac Blond & Eau Noire



I think in Noir Épices, Noir is a noun... peut-être.
--------------------------------------
Quote:
Originally Posted by the_good_life View Post

But dude, you know, lots of Americans like don't even respect they're own language

Ain't it the truth!
post #9 of 35
Quote:
Originally Posted by Pieter View Post

'Well, when you're from Pittsburgh, you have to do something.'

- Auntie Mame

http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0051383/quotes


lol!

Thanks so much for the lesson. I took French in high school, but it's been a while. I do try to look things up, but may make mistakes and it's hard to remember which noun is feminine or masculine, because it usually makes no sense. Neither does the variant spelling of words in the English language, in many cases. I know you mean well, but I have found in my travels that there are ignorant people everywhere, not just in America, and I'm not just referring to the languages they don't speak.

This is an international group full of many intelligent and enjoyable people, that is why I love your company so much. I have a lot to learn and should take the time to brush up on my French. I do want to be correct and found your tips helpful. I'd like to learn Italian, too, since I have more of an opportunity to converse in that language than some others and my sister is married to a Sicilian.
post #10 of 35
Quote:
Originally Posted by the_good_life View Post

But dude, you know, lots of Americans like don't even respect they're own language

This reminds me of one of my favorite quotes: "Most people would benefit greatly from learning a first language." - Timothy Winter
post #11 of 35
Quote:
Originally Posted by the_good_life View Post

But dude, you know, lots of Americans like don't even respect they're own language


Please tell me this is an inside joke.

there THEIR they're
post #12 of 35
On the internet, I try not to get anal about people's spelling unless it's some stinkin' shill. Mistakes are easy to make. But I think the point about fragrance names was well taken, especially here. When in doubt, look it up.

Still trying to figure out why suede is masculine... maybe it's because the female cows are used for milk and the steers for meat and hides? I guess it would make sense, if you stop to think about it.
post #13 of 35
Quote:
Originally Posted by Nicolas V View Post

This reminds me of one of my favorite quotes: "Most people would benefit greatly from learning a first language." - Timothy Winter

That's one of the best quotes I've seen in a very long time. Is that Timothy Winter of Cambridge University?

I don't tend to get too twisted over misspellings unless they're rampant and the author is writing in his "first language".
post #14 of 35
Quote:
Originally Posted by beachroses View Post

Still trying to figure out why suede is masculine... maybe it's because the female cows are used for milk and the steers for meat and hides?

Sorry, that would be rather wasteful . Although suede is now made from cowhide mostly, 'daim' actually means
certain forest animals, like deer, which have the softest hides you can get for clothing. It's 'le daim' (masculin),
subdived in mâles and femelles.

Back to Noir Épices - is that not black spices then, as in my Indian chicken, Jaime?
I love that perfume, but I find it very bright, not black at all ! (le) 'noir' as a noun is quite possible.
But then the combination doesn't make sense, unless this is a quote from ancient scripts.
post #15 of 35
Thread Starter 
Quote:
Originally Posted by narcus View Post

Sorry, that would be rather wasteful . Although suede is now made from cowhide mostly, 'daim' actually means
certain forest animals, like deer, which have the softest hides you can get for clothing. It's 'le daim' (masculin),
subdived in mâles and femelles.

Back to Noir Épices - is that not black spices then, as in my Indian chicken, Jaime?
I love that perfume, but I find it very bright, not black at all ! (le) 'noir' as a noun is quite possible.
But then the combination doesn't make sense, unless this is a quote from ancient scripts.

I suppose you could take Noir Épices as a poetic rendering of "Épices en Noir" (spices in black), for example.

It is true what you say about "daim" meaning deer in general, or it can refer specifically to the male. The word "cerf" in French also means deer or other similar animals, such as elk, wapiti, and so on; the word can also mean the male of the species. In English we sometimes refer to animal skins made into clothing as "buckskin." Of course, in English, "buck" refers specifically to the males of species
such as deer, elk, or moose (a male is also called "stag" or "hart"), the female being called a "doe" (also "hind"), which is "daine" or "biche" in French. The Gobin Daudé fragrance Biche dans l'Absinthe would be "the doe in the wormwood," I suppose.

Also, a curious fact: in French, the specific word for elk is "élan," a word which also has other meanings. The most familiar to English speakers is
"energy, spirit." That is an extension of the more basic meaning "spring" or "bound", or "leap," from the verb s'élancer, "to leap." Perhaps the concept recalls elk because they often do just that.

Oh, well, all the things you didn't want or need to know...

--------------------------------------
Quote:
Originally Posted by beachroses View Post

Still trying to figure out why suede is masculine... maybe it's because the female cows are used for milk and the steers for meat and hides? I guess it would make sense, if you stop to think about it.

As far as I know, there's no reason behind the gender of nouns. Sometimes they happen to refer to male or female beings, and then they fall into the appropriate category; for inanimates, of course, this can't be the reason. In Romance languages, I think it has more to do with the original Latin gender of the nouns, though some nouns shift genders along the way from Latin into French, Spanish, Italian, etc. It may be related to the form of the word (how they ended in Latin, whether in -us, -a, or -um); but there are also exceptions to this generalization. We may be putting the cart before the horse in making that analysis. A case of chicken or egg coming first? In Latin, another theory propounds that it may have been related to the noun-class, or declension, the word belonged to. Almost all first declension nouns are feminine; most second declension nouns are masculine, with a few neuters. The third declensions are mixed genders. Many fourth and fifth declensions are feminine or neuter. Go figure!

In language, I often tell my students, the best question is not "Why do you say...?" but "How do you say...?"

An ironic fact: in many cases, the gender of the names of the "private parts" are reversed in gender, the male parts being feminine in grammatical gender, and the female parts belonging to the masculine... grammatical gender, that is...

Oh, damn! This is a losing game, isn't it?
post #16 of 35
I love Eau de Toilette...
post #17 of 35
Quote:
Originally Posted by knightowl View Post

I love Eau de Toilette...

Yeah!! Let's get started on the 100 meanings of toilette in French and other languages...
Quote:
Originally Posted by JaimeB

Oh, well, all the things you didn't want or need to know...

Very enlightening, Jaime – thanks for élan ! I admit to having taken a shortcut. Park, fountains and chateau is all that’s left from the royal splendor of Versailles. le daim (dama, in C. von Linné’s latin) and other targets of the royal hunts live in the zoo now.
Quote:
Originally Posted by beachroses

Still trying to figure out why suede is masculine...

Maybe this helps: for some time in history Swedish gloves were popular all over Europe because leather from elk and reindeer was used to make those gants de suede, and the French word suede’ became synonymous for soft leather. Both, the elk, and le gant are masculine in several languages, and in some cases only Freud may have known why. Rudolph is a boy, as all of us know of course.
post #18 of 35
oh oh parbleu, mon ami Narcus!!!
Les gants sont masculin...mdr!
(mdr = mourir de rire, the french equal for lol)
post #19 of 35
Quote:
Originally Posted by beachroses View Post

On the internet, I try not to get anal about people's spelling unless it's some stinkin' shill.



Those stinkin' shills!:wave:
post #20 of 35
Thread Starter 
Quote:
Originally Posted by knightowl View Post

I love Eau de Toilette...

The word toilette comes from the word toile, "cloth;" this word derives in turn from the Latin word tela "cloth," derived from texo "I weave," as in "textile." BTW, the English word "towel" derives etymologically from the French word toile. (The modern French word for "towel" is serviette, which can also mean "napkin." A serviette de bain would be a bath towel; a serviette de table, a table napkin.)

Toilette originally meant a small cloth, "-ette" being a diminutive suffix in French. (Yes, the feminine form, students of French, since toile is a feminine noun.) The small cloth was used for one's daily cleansing routine. Faire la toilette can still mean to wash up or otherwise clean oneself to prepare for the day. Another (one hopes) small cloth was used to wipe one's bottom after defecation (this is technically a torchon in French, mentioned more than once in the naughty narratives of Rabelais, the 16th-century author of Gargantua and Pantgruel). Nowadays, we have paper products. It is from this other notion of toilette that I suspect the word came to be applied to the more unsavory aspects of clean-up in the English expression "go to the toilet."

In Britain, of course, "WC" is the common word for the place; colloquially, one also uses the word "loo." (From Waterloo, WC being an abbreviation of "water closet." Get it? Wink, wink, nudge, nudge.) A rather old-fashioned British equivalent of the American's "go to the toilet" is "spend a penny," probably referring to public pay-toilets in the days when everything was a lot cheaper. We shan't mention the far more basic "having a slash," often an outdoor activity sometimes done behind a convenient bush.

Eau de toilette was used as part of one's daily sanitary preparations, hence the name. Among perfumers (as many Basenoters are likely to be aware), the term refers to an alcohol-and-water based fragrance of medium concentration.

Some people use "toilet water" in English to mean the perfumer's eau de toilette (EdT to the initiated); whereas others may intend it to mean water from the commode, such as thirsty house dogs are reputed to drink. Blecch!
post #21 of 35
I remember my first bottle of fragrance was an orange blossom "toilet water" from Florida. My sister and I laughed a lot about it, but I was hesitant to use it, even though it smelled so good. I really wasn't sure what was in there, even though my mother tried to reassure me.
post #22 of 35
Thread Starter 
Quote:
Originally Posted by beachroses View Post

I remember my first bottle of fragrance was an orange blossom "toilet water" from Florida. My sister and I laughed a lot about it, but I was hesitant to use it, even though it smelled so good. I really wasn't sure what was in there, even though my mother tried to reassure me.

ROTFLMAO!
post #23 of 35
Could you address some fine points on capitalization?

I’ve, par example, seen both Parfum d’Empire and Parfum D’Empire but almost always Parfums de Nicolai and not Parfums De Nicolai. Is the capital optional on a contraction?
post #24 of 35
What's worse than a stinkin' shill? A stinkin' French shill that doesn't use fragrance

Quote:
Originally Posted by Mikey Q View Post

Those stinkin' shills!:wave:
post #25 of 35
Thread Starter 
Quote:
Originally Posted by Kyra View Post

Could you address some fine points on capitalization?

Ive, par example, seen both Parfum dEmpire and Parfum DEmpire but almost always Parfums de Nicolai and not Parfums De Nicolai. Is the capital optional on a contraction?

In names of products like these, it is not usual to capitalize the prepositions, just as in English book titles, for example.
post #26 of 35
vraiment, you guys, I'm going to have to lie down after this --on my 'chaise lounge,' comme d'habitude. ;-)
post #27 of 35
Thread Starter 
Quote:
Originally Posted by grizzlesnort View Post

vraiment, you guys, I'm going to have to lie down after this --on my 'chaise lounge,' comme d'habitude. ;-)

chaise longue?
post #28 of 35
Quote:
Originally Posted by JaimeB View Post


A rather old-fashioned British equivalent of the American's "go to the toilet" is "spend a penny," probably referring to public pay-toilets in the days when everything was a lot cheaper.

This is not that old: it was very common in my mother's generation. And public toilets in England cost money until quite recently, though more than a penny nowadays.
post #29 of 35
Thread Starter 
Quote:
Originally Posted by Eluard View Post

This is not that old: it was very common in my mother's generation. And public toilets in England cost money until quite recently, though more than a penny nowadays.

Thanks for the update, Eluard. I've only heard the term on BBC television programs (excuse me, I mean "programmes" of course) aired here in America; it seemed always to be on the lips of older people. Small samples can always lead to mistaken conclusions... At least I was right about inflation, but that's an easy one to get right.
post #30 of 35
Quote:
Originally Posted by JaimeB View Post

Thanks for the update, Eluard. I've only heard the term on BBC television programs (excuse me, I mean "programmes" of course) aired here in America; it seemed always to be on the lips of older people. Small samples can always lead to mistaken conclusions... At least I was right about inflation, but that's an easy one to get right.

Yes, it was very common in the immediate post war generation, and it was an expression solely used by women, because it was mainly they who had to rent the stall. Very unfair, and I can remember my mother protesting about it bitterly.
post #31 of 35
Thread Starter 
Sneaky facts about grammatical gender:

In Romance languages, the moon is feminine, and the sun is maculine, because they were in Latin:

Latin: luna (fem.), sol (masc.)
French: la lune, le soleil;
Spanish: la luna, el sol;
Italian: la luna, il sole;
Portuguese, a lua, o sol.

But look at German:

Der Mond, "the moon," is masculine, while die Sonne, "the sun," is feminine.

This should count as proof that grammatical gender is arbitrary, at least as far as meaning goes. But as to word form, most common German nouns that end in -e (like Sonne) are feminine, while those that end in a consonant (like Mond) are often masculine or neuter. (German has three genders, like the classical Indo-European languages such as ancient Greek and Latin. That makes German fifty percent more fun to learn than French or Spanish.) Anyway, it suggests that the word-form theorists are right about the principal determinant of grammatical gender.
post #32 of 35
I'd say in this case the gender of the nouns follows the sex of the gods of those heavenly bodies. In most Indo-European derived cultures the sun god is masculine.

It may be that the way divinities attach to objects in pre-Christian societies determines the gender of the nouns. So whether the god of the hearth is male of female determines what the gender of that noun is.

I think this is a very interesting subject.
post #33 of 35
On (grammatical) gender of things:
I will never forgive myself for not following the advice of tutors to always learn vocabulary together with the gender by silently saying la lune and le soleil, instead of just lune, soleil, montagne, etc. In the case of all 'romanic' (you say Latin) languages, if I do not know the noun's gender, I try to remember its Latin origin. That seems to always bring good results. I was actually quite puzzled when you mentioned that it does not always work, Jaime. I still try finding examples, too.

English nouns and gender:
Aren't there surprising she-words, like ship, and automobile? I am also uncertain about your (home) countries USA, Canada, Britain, Australia, etc. - is it she or it(they) ? France and Switzerland are neuter in English (?) but not in romanic languages: la France, la Suisse, Svizzera, and - against any general rule - die Schweiz in German also ! England, Deutschland are 'it' in our view, because 'land' is 'it'.

German nouns and gender:
I certainly feel empathy for everybody who hasn't been born into that language. Only Russian must be more of a hardship ! I can only confirm: there is absolutely no logic behind gender with our language. What should be neuter, in most cases is not! Take the body, for example: masculine. The soul is feminine, and it really does not matter whose body or soul you are talking about. The sun-moon principle? Der Mann - die Hose (trousers = fem). Der Mann die Socke (one of two socks). If you believe you understood the principle - forget it! His shirt is neuter (das Hemd), and the trouser belt is masculine! Nail, bolt, plug - these must be masculine, you think, and you are correct, but only by chance! The screw is not, only the driver is! New times need new terms, and in our days that means electronics! A lot of words are the same all over the world, or at least very similar. It was to be hoped that anything within this world would be ruled to be neuter in Germany - but no! The computer is a man in Germany: der Computer, der Mac (Amiga even was!). The typeboard is feminine: die Tastaur, and so is the mouse, die Maus ! Screen, printer, scanner, copier -all are masculine. Nothing is neuter? Yes, - das Programm ! So, you might think, would be hard- and software. Oh no, feminine, naturally! My advice: use the plural form for all objects, and you have more than a 50% chance that you say it correctly....

Back to French: la toilette:the devil in me had suggested that jokingly.But while I was sound asleep you guys have really discussed its origin, double, and more meanings as well - great job, thank you Jaime !
- Venus, etc... a la toilette,(link) or faisant sa toilette , has been a classical subject in the fine arts [pictures]. These illustrate another aspect of toilette, going from washing to cosmetics, to getting dressed. Depending on context, the grande toilette of a woman can even mean a ball robe.
toilette=wash cloth. Both are still in existence in some places, like older hotels & always in hospitals. To be able to tell one from the other is particularly important if they are not for personal use only. So they are sometimes embroidered with smart letters . F could guide you to 'face' and A too, weel, you know what. There are endless jokes about somebody (guest, new maid in the old days) misinterpreting these letters.
eau de toilette: Believe it, or not, in the beginning it was nothing but a jar holding (scented ?) water and a big bowl to use it in. At times before water pipes and drainage, there was no bathroom with tub and toilet in apartments. A house may have had one on the ground floor and there was a bucket instead of the toilet. Many homes only had a toilet in the yard (no water there). Water closets as everybody knows them now were an innovation around 1870 where I lived. They have usually been located outside your apartment, often between floors, and they were shared by several tenants. They had a regular lock and key. From all the Guerlains we know only Eau Imperiale was available then, and Yardley's lavender cologne. According to a newer tendency in the French perfume industry (Chanel for example) ED Cologne and ED toilette may have the same concentration in the future.That will permit to classify the waters from/in the style of Cologne as what they have always been: a true eau de toilette. Get the locic?
post #34 of 35
This is a really interesting thread.

As a german native-speaker I like to second Narcus that I'm glad I didn't have to "learn" this language. The (seemingly) total lack of logic in this language must be a real pain for those who wish to learn it.
By the way, I spend a lot of time in Switzerland and the language situation there is very interesting. Most of you might know that four different languages are spoken there (in different areas). But also, in the german speaking area, the written language has very little in common with the spoken language. So, If I visit Switzerland, I might be able to read the local newspapers but I have my difficulties in understanding the Swiss when they talk to me...
post #35 of 35
Thread Starter 
Narcus,

Yes, ships and cars are often referred to as she in English, but this is a case of personification, a figure of speech, a trope. Nouns in English don't have grammatical gender, and pronouns do only in referring to particular persons (or, as above, personifications).

German Hose and Socke end in -e, as do the English borrowings "software" and "hardware," so they "sound" or "look" feminine to German ears and eyes, I would guess. It's true that the plural articles in German are the same for all genders. Scandinavian languages (the North Germanic family) have a "common" gender as well as a neuter, the masculine and feminine having fallen together; the common gender has a postposed article in -en, the neuter in -et. (Grimm's Law: the "t" corresponds to German "s.") Perhaps the German plural system is a parallel development to this, but not carried as far. I don't know enough Germanic philology to say any of this for sure, just some ideas. Romance philology was one of my fields in grad school. And in English, we do say "Romance" languages for the Latin-derived ones.

About the eau de toilette question, I do remember an unusual custom I saw in Spain as a young man. On the day before the feast of St. John the Baptist, people would gather herbs and wildflowers and put them in a basin of water overnight. On the feast day itself, people would wash their faces in the now-scented water from the big bowl. I guess this is like the original eau de toilette you're talking about. On the same day in the evening, I saw what I was told was a surviving pagan custom of young men jumping over large bonfires in the streets.

================

Timothy,

I could never deal with the ein-words and der-words in German, or the strong and weak forms of adjectives. They still drive me crazy if I try to speak German today. Fortunately for the Germans, I don't know enough of the language to get very far!

I know about Schwietzer Tütsch. Years ago, a friend of mine who was studying German got a year abroad at the University of Munich. He learned some Bayrisch pretty well; you know, the "Grüss Gott" and the Oktoberfest stuff like "Agaudi muos sei!" Then he went on a trip to Switzerland and was completely at a loss to understand most of what he heard for the first few days. Eventually, he got some of the sound correspondences, and was able to understand more; but the particular Swiss German vocabulary items still stumped him.
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